Making Pictures of God: The Second Commandment Controversy

I’ve been working through the Ten Commandments for my course on Exodus. The second commandment (according to the enumeration used by most Protestants)—the one about not making carved images and not bowing down to them—brings up the controversial topic of making images of God. Well, I should say it brings up the historical controversy of … Read more

Israel’s Population During the Exodus: 2 Million or 36,000?

Translation challenges occur throughout the Bible, but numbers in the Old Testament present us with a special challenge. In Exodus 12:37 the ESV says that Israel consisted of about 600,000 men. Since we’re not given the number of women and children, there’s no way to be certain about the total population. A popular guess gives … Read more

Understanding Old Testament Slavery

Slavery in the Old Testament poses a difficult challenge for Bible teachers. Granted slavery in the New Testament is a difficult issue as well, which I have written about here and here. But in some ways slavery in the Old Testament is a greater problem. In New Testament times, Christians could be found throughout the polytheistic, … Read more

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