Comments on the Kingdom of God

The kingdom of God is one of the most exciting and intriguing topics in the Bible. My previous post focused on the “kingdom of heaven” in Matthew. Since Matthew’s “kingdom of heaven” is synonymous with the “kingdom of God,” I thought it would be best to include the remaining New Testament references to God’s kingdom and combine them with Matthew’s. These are not all of the comments on the kingdom, but many of them, followed by striking features of this divine dominion.

Let’s begin by noting who proclaimed the kingdom of God.

Taught or Proclaimed by:

John the Baptist: Jesus said, the good news of the kingdom has been preached since John “and everyone is forcing their way into it” (Lk. 16:16)
Jesus: at the start of his ministry he announced its nearness (Matt. 4:23), during his ministry he told parables of the kingdom (Matt. 13), and after his resurrection, he “spoke about the kingdom of God” (Acts 1:3).
Jesus’ disciples (Matt. 10:7)
Philip “proclaimed the good news of the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ” in Samaria (Acts 8:12).
Paul argued persuasively about the kingdom of God in Ephesus (Acts 19:8) and “proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ” for two years in Rome (Acts 28:31).
Many others: “And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.” (Matt. 24:14)

The Nature of the Kingdom

A gift: Jesus said, “your Father has been pleased to give you the kingdom” (Lk. 12:32) and it has been “prepared for you since the creation of the world” (Matt. 25:34).
A joyful celebration: a huge feast (Matt. 8:11) where Jesus and his followers will eat Passover (Lk. 22:16) and drink new wine (Matt. 26:29). And the disciples will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel (Lk. 22:29-30).
Righteousness, peace and joy: Regarding the dietary controversy in Rome and the importance of unity, Paul writes, “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” (Romans 14:17).
Invisible and present: In response to when the kingdom would come, Jesus said, “The coming of the kingdom of God is not something that can be observed . . . because the kingdom of God is in your midst” (Lk. 17:20-21). In other words, you can’t see it arrive because it’s already here. He also told the Pharisees, “The kingdom of God has come upon you” (Matt. 12:28). Finally, John, Jesus, and the disciples went around proclaiming that “the kingdom of heaven has come near” (Matt. 3:2; 4:17; 10:7).
Powerful and active on Earth: God’s kingdom was conquering Satan’s kingdom through Jesus’ power over evil spirits (Matt. 12:28). And Paul’s actions would show the Corinthians that God’s kingdom is “not a matter of talk, but of power” (1 Cor. 4:20).
Connected to Earth: Jesus gave the keys of the kingdom to Peter (Matt. 16:19). This reminds me of how Peter was the first to preach the good news to the Gentiles (Acts 10), essentially opening a door for them into the kingdom.
In harmony with God’s will: “your kingdom come, your will be done” (Matt. 6:10)
Individuals vary in their proximity to it: the teacher of the law who responded wisely was “not far from the kingdom of God” (Mk. 12:34). And tax collectors and prostitutes who believed John the Baptist were “entering the kingdom of God ahead” of religious leaders (Matt. 21:31).
“Not of this world”: Jesus said that his kingdom is “not of this world.” His kingdom is “from another place” (Jn. 18:36). And the criminal on the cross said to Jesus who was dying, “remember me when you come into your kingdom” (Lk. 23:42). Paul calls it a “heavenly kingdom” (2 Tim. 4:18).
Pure: at the end of the age a separation will occur between wheat and weeds (Matt. 13:37-43), wicked and righteous (13:47-51), sheep and goats (25:31-46). “Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father” (13:43). Likewise, Paul says that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God (1 Cor. 6:9-10; Gal. 5:21; Eph. 5:5).
Light (Col. 1:12)
Eternal: the angel announced that Jesus’ kingdom will never end (Lk. 1:33). It is also called “imperishable” (1 Cor. 15:50), “unshakable” (Heb. 12:28) and the “eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (2 Peter 1:11).
Belongs to the beloved Son (Col. 1:13) who will hand it over to the Father (1 Cor. 15:24)
Mysterious: only Jesus’ followers know its secrets (Matt. 13:11)
Misunderstood: When Jesus approached Jerusalem, “the people thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once” (Lk. 19:11), but he corrected their misunderstanding with a parable. And after Jesus’ resurrection, his disciples continued to associate the kingdom of God with the restoration of the kingdom of Israel (Acts 1:6).

The Inhabitants of the Kingdom

The poor (Lk. 6:20; Jam. 2:5). It is impossible for the rich to enter (Matt. 19:23-24), “but with God all things are possible” (v. 26).
The poor in spirit (Matt. 5:3)
Little children (Matt. 19:14)
Those who become like little children (Matt. 18:2)
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and many from all over the world (Matt. 8:11)
Tax collectors and prostitutes who believed John the Baptist (Matt. 21:31)
Those who are persecuted because of righteousness (Matt. 5:10). Paul encouraged the early believers, “We must go through many hardships to enter the kingdom of God” (Acts 14:22).
Those who are “born again”—“no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again” (John 3:3) and “no one can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit” (v. 5).
Jesus’ flock (Lk. 12:32)
Those who love God (Jam. 2:5) or those who are genuinely righteous (Matt. 5:20) and do God’s will (Matt. 7:21)
Those who served others will be welcomed in after the Son of Man comes in his glory (Matt. 25:31-36)
Those who grow in godly qualities will “receive a rich welcome into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (2 Pet. 1:11).
Paul: the Lord will bring him “safely to his heavenly kingdom” (2 Tim. 4:18)
God’s people transformed: “Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God” so we must first be changed (1 Cor. 15:50-55). We cannot walk in to this imperishable kingdom in our perishable bodies.

Location and Time

Jesus told the Pharisees, “the kingdom of God is in your midst” (Lk. 17:21). (Most translations use “in your midst” or “among you,” but some use “within you.” I tend to favor the first two options for these reasons: Jesus was talking to the Pharisees who were not known for being close to God and no other verses say the kingdom is inside humans.)
Will come to Earth (Matt. 6:10). This is reminiscent of the New Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God (Rev. 21:2).
Brought near by the proclamations of John (Matt. 3:2), Jesus (Matt. 4:23), and the disciples’ (Lk. 10:9-11)
Near when certain world events occur (Lk. 21:31)
Some of Jesus’ disciples would not die before seeing “the Son of Man coming in his kingdom” (Matt. 16:28). (Regarding this prediction, see this post.)
God’s people have already been brought into it: “For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins” (Col. 1:13-14).
After the seventh trumpet sounds, loud voices say, “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah, and he will reign for ever and ever” (Rev. 11:15). Likewise, after the great dragon was hurled to the earth, a loud voice said, “Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Messiah” (Rev. 12:10).

Parables of the Kingdom

Like a mustard seed and yeast—starts small and grows mysteriously (Matt. 13:31-33)
Like a treasure and fine pearls (Matt. 13:44-46). Therefore, it’s worth taking drastic actions now so that we can enter (Mk. 9:42-49).
Like a king canceling debts (Matt. 18:22-35)
Like a landowner paying all his workers the same wage (Matt. 20:1-16)
Like a king inviting people to a wedding feast for his son (Matt. 22:1-14)
Like ten virgins waiting for the bridegroom—five were prepared and five were unprepared (Matt. 25:1-13)
Like a rich man entrusting his wealth to servants then going away. When he returned he called them to account for what they did with his wealth (Matt. 25:14-30).

Striking Features of the Kingdom

First, there will be an incredible celebration in God’s kingdom. Interesting people from all over the world will be eating and drinking together. God is not a joy killer, but the ultimate joy giver.

Second, it’s amazing that the criminal on the cross turned to Jesus who was about to die and said, “remember me when you come into your kingdom” (Lk. 23:42). Imagine saying that to a guy being executed. The criminal could not have been thinking about a normal physical kingdom, but something after death. Likewise, Paul expects to die at the end of 2 Timothy and writes, “the Lord . . . will bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom” (4:18). This is a place to enter after death.

Third, the kingdom of God turns traditional human status upside down. The despised in this world, such as the poor, children, and those who have been persecuted, are welcomed into the kingdom so everyone must become “poor in spirit” and like little children. Won’t it be incredible to live in a place where everyone is genuinely humble?

Fourth, the kingdom of God was the major theme of Jesus’ preaching from the start of his ministry until he ascended to heaven. But people misunderstood his teaching. Those people included the crowd and his close followers.

Fifth, God’s kingdom did not originate on Earth. It is “not of this world” . . . it is “from another place” (Jn. 18:36). But it will come to Earth in the future (Matt. 6:10). For now, the proclamation of the kingdom enables it to “come near” (Matt. 4:17). And Jesus even told his audience that it is “in your midst” (Lk. 17:21).

Sixth, the timing of the kingdom is complicated. Does it already exist or will it only be established in the future? Jesus said the kingdom “is in your midst,” (Lk. 17:21), “has come upon you” (Matt. 12:28), and tax collectors and prostitutes were entering it (Matt. 21:31). And Paul said that God has “rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves” (Col. 1:13). So it must already exist, and in some way, God’s people on Earth have already entered it. But it cannot be seen now as a distinct earthly entity and we cannot fully inherit it in our present mortal bodies.

While the kingdom is here in a sense, it has also not yet fully arrived on Earth. The separation of the weeds and wheat has not occurred, the feast has not begun, and our bodies and planet have not been transformed. This means that the kingdom comes in stages. As Jesus said, it’s like a mustard seed that grows into a large plant. So when we think of the kingdom, we must consider its development: Are we thinking of the kingdom in its seed form or its fully grown plant form?

What has already happened that relates to this eternal kingdom? The resurrection of Christ. He is the “firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep” (1 Cor. 15:20)—the beginning of the “new creation” (2 Cor. 5:17) or the “renewal of all things” (Matt. 19:28). This transformation process will continue with his followers and the entire universe. He will “transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body” (Phil. 3:21) and “the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the freedom and glory of the children of God” (Rom. 8:23). Thus, Jesus’ resurrection is the kingdom of God in its seed form. It is the yeast that will work its way through the whole dough of creation (Matt. 13:33). It is the power that will lift all things from the bondage to decay.

Seventh, Paul’s statement helps us understand the kingdom on an experiential level: “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” (Rom. 14:17). God’s kingdom, then, in its final stage, is an eternal realm of purity and light filled with humble and transformed people living in righteousness, peace, and joy on a renewed Earth. Do you see why Jesus continually talked about this topic?

Les Bridgeman

After graduating from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, I served as a high school Bible teacher in Asia. I enjoy traveling, writing, and playing the drums. For a deep dive into church history and the character of God, see my book Surprised by Hell.